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The American Negro Academy (ANA) was an intellectual organization that supported African-American scholarship. It was organized in Washington DC, in 1897.〔Publications of the Southern History Association: Volume 9 - Page 49〕 The organization was the first in the United States composed of African-American scholars, and it operated from 1897 to 1928.〔Smith〕 Its founders were primarily composed of authors, scholars, and artists. of the organization included Alexander Crummell, an Episcopal priest and staunch Republican from New York City; John Wesley Cromwell; Paul Laurence Dunbar; Walter B. Hayson, and Kelly Miller. Reverend Doctor Alexander Crummell served as one the Academy's core founders and first president before his death in 1898. The organization was formed to provide an alternative to Booker T. Washington's approach to education and scholarship. Washington's Tuskegee University was based on what was called the Atlanta compromise. He emphasized vocational and industrial training for southern blacks, who lived mostly in rural areas, and discouraged academic studies in the liberal arts. The ANA took its turn in the struggle for equal rights for blacks, as it was organized shortly after the incorpoartion of legal segregation through the Supreme Court's decision in its 1896 case, ''Plessy v. Ferguson'' Du Bois suggested that his notions of a Talented Tenth of African Americans, primarily composed of blacks trained in higher education were responsible for educating masses of black citizens, forced to continue their existence as inferior to whites. Through a publication of works within the Academy's Occasional Papers, it sought to parallel the concept of "trickle-down economics, in which more black intellectuals efforts would trickle down into “his schools, academies and colleges; and then enters his pulpits; and so filters down into his families and his homes…to be a laborer with intelligence, enlightenment and manly ambitions”.〔Crummel, Alexander. "Papers of the American Negro Academy." Project Gutenberg. December 28, 1898.〕 ==See also== *Talented Tenth 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Negro Academy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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